灰花纹鹅膏菌及其生态习性

灰花纹鹅膏菌Amanita fuliginea Hongo的分类地位和生态习性国内一直没有详细报道.用形态解剖、HPLC和种群生态学研究方法对其研究表明日本学者Hongo对该菌的分类是正确的；它的毒素含量与欧洲的主要种毒鹅膏菌Amanita phalloides(Fr.∶Fr.)Link毒素含量相当，甚至更高.湘东湘南丘陵针栎混交林非常适宜该菌生长发育与演化.     

三羟鹅膏毒肽的反相高效液相色谱分离纯化

用反相高效液相色谱法,以0.02mol醋酸铵-乙腈为流动相和梯度洗脱模式,从灰花纹鹅膏菌中分离纯化出三羟鹅膏毒肽(amanin),产品纯度达96%以上,三羟鹅膏毒肽的分子量为903.3.     

大黄酚对黄瓜白粉病的生物活性及内吸传导性研究

采用喷雾法研究了大黄酚对黄瓜白粉病的生物活性及其在黄瓜组织中的内吸传导性。结果表明,大黄酚对黄瓜白粉病菌具有较高毒力,感染白粉病的叶片经200 mg/L的大黄酚处理2 d后,霉状物变褐色,病斑枯死。扫描电子显微镜观察显示,黄瓜白粉病菌经大黄酚处理后,菌丝和分生孢子梗扭曲、变形,分生孢子塌陷。盆栽试验表明,利用大黄酚防治黄瓜白粉病具有较长的持效期,黄瓜子叶上喷施100 mg/L的大黄酚,20 d后接种病原菌,其防效仍达84.83%,与有效成分500 mg/L的硫磺悬浮剂防效相近。此外,大黄酚在黄瓜组织中具有一定的跨层传导性,其横向传导性较弱,几乎无向顶及向基的传导性。     

氟吡菌酰胺防治瓜类及草莓白粉病田间试验

为了筛选高效、安全的白粉病化学防治药剂,通过田间药效试验进行药剂筛选。试验结果表明,分别在药后7天和14天,氟吡菌酰胺防治甜瓜上白粉病的效果最高,防效均在95%以上。与之相比较,防治黄瓜上白粉病和草莓上的白粉病效果稍低,其防效也在90%以上。研究表明,氟吡菌酰胺防治白粉病效果良好、持效期长,是防治黄瓜、甜瓜、草莓白粉病的一种新型良好杀菌剂。     

植物内生放线菌防治西葫芦白粉病的初步研究

以西葫芦白粉病为对象,通过温室盆栽试验和叶盘筛选试验,从50个内生放线菌菌株中筛选出2个防病效果较好的菌株,叶盘筛选试验发现菌株GKSHJA和PR1-8的无菌滤液原液在接种病菌的同时使用防治效果最佳,分别达到60.98%和63.22%。温室人工接种白粉病菌的盆栽试验发现,GKSHJA无菌滤液原液在接种前、接种后24 h喷雾,相对防治效果分别达55.22%和16.44%;菌株PR1-8的相对防效分别为51.94%和24.39%,且GKSHJA和PR1-8无菌滤液的5倍稀释液在接种病菌的同时使用也有一定的防病效果,其病情指数分别比对照降低了27.81%和30.19%。在自然感病的田间试验中,菌株GKSHJA和PR1-8无菌滤液的5倍稀释液对西葫芦白粉病的相对防效分别达到56.33%和69.88%。这些结果表明,菌株GKSHJA和PR1-8作为防治瓜类白粉病的生防菌株,具有开发应用潜力和前景。     

地锦提取液防治黄瓜白粉病效果及其抑菌物质的初步研究

测试了地锦提取液对黄瓜白粉病菌的抑制活性,并对地锦抑菌活性物质进行了初步的分离纯化。结果表明：地锦粗提液对苗期黄瓜白粉病有明显的预防效果,且防效随着粗提液浓度的增大而增加,浓度为30mg·mL^-1时,防效达到了67．45％;地锦中的抑菌生物活性物质为强水溶性,不易溶于石油醚、乙酸乙脂、正丁醇等有机溶剂;通过碱沉淀可以把大部分杂质从水相萃取物中沉淀下来,得到含有生物活性成分更高的上清溶液;LC—MS分析结果显示上清液中含有3种物质,推测它们的分子量分别为506、202和275。     

Shading of plants facilitates selection for powdery mildew resistance in Squash

Summary Powdery mildew development was assessed on squash (Cucurbita pepo) plants of a susceptible cultivar, a resistant accession, their F₁, and their F₂ in an early summer planting in the field, covered or not covered with a shading net. Three reaction types were observed: susceptible, powdery mildew on stems and on both, the upper and lower leaf surfaces, as in the susceptible parent; resistant, no powdery mildew on leaves or stems, as in the resistant parent; and partially resistant, powdery mildew on upper leaf surfaces only, as in the F₁. Disease presence on the stem was associated with susceptibility. Shading hastened the appearance of powdery mildew and increased the severity of infection on partially resistant and susceptible plants, facilitating identification of resistant individuals in the F₂ population.Contribution No. 1613-E from the Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan, Israel     

Screening of melon (Cucumis melo L.) germplasm for multiple disease resistance

Summary Melon germplasm was screened for cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV), powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca fuliginea), downy mildew (Pseudoperonospora cubensis) and Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis) resistance under artificial conditions except downy mildew for which screening was done under natural epiphytotic conditions. High level resistance to all the four diseases was not recorded in any of the collections tested. Nevertheless, ertheless, resistance to three diseases was located in three germplasm. Wild Cucumis species C. figarei exhibited absolute resistance to CGMMV and Fusarium wilt and high level resistance to downy mildew. Phoot or snapmelon (Cucumis melo var. momordica) — a non-dessert from of Indian origin—was highly resistant to downy mildew and resistant to CGMMV and medium resistant to Fusarium wilt. Iroquois was resistant to powdery mildew and medium resistant to downy mildew and CGMMV.     

Using colour image analysis for quantitative assessment of powdery mildew on cucumber

Summary Visual assessment, black & white image analysis and colour image analysis of the severity of powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca fuliginea) infection on leaves of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) were compared. The extent of infection with powdery mildew was expressed as the number of spores per cm². Statistical treatment of the data showed colour image analysis to be superior to the other two methods of evaluation. Major veins, light reflections and variations in the colour of leaves can degrade the accuracy of colour image analysis somewhat. These problems are, however, surmountable. Colour image analysis qualifies as a valuable new tool for accurate, objective, reproducible and detailed quantitative assessment of disease on leaves of plants.Abbreviations H hue - I intensity - IA image analysis - PM powdery mildew - S saturation     

Resistance to the gall mite and American gooseberry mildew in black currants in relation to season of leafing out

Summary In black currant (Ribes nigrum) backcross progenies segregating for resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribis Westw. (gene Ce from Ribes grossularia L.), and to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae (Schw.) Berk. (gene Sph ₃from R. glutinosum), significant differences in season of leafing out occurred between the resistant and susceptible classes. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that two additive genes, Lf ₁and Lf ₂, controlled season of leafing out and that Ce and Sph ₃ were linked with Lf ₁.